{"id":12520,"date":"2020-09-09T01:13:27","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T22:13:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cigdemim.org.tr\/?p=12520"},"modified":"2020-09-09T01:17:50","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T22:17:50","slug":"yuz-yil-once-ankara-eylul-1920","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cigdemim.org.tr\/?p=12520","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00dcZ YIL \u00d6NCE ANKARA \u2013 Eyl\u00fcl 1920"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Y\u00dcZ YIL \u00d6NCE ANKARA \u2013 Eyl\u00fcl 1920<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENGELLER\u0130 A\u015eMAYA DO\u011eRU<\/u><\/strong> (EYL\u00dcL-2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vecdi Sevi\u011f \u2013 G\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sitesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara\u2019da 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de meclis a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u00fczenli ordu hen\u00fcz olu\u015fturulmadan i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri Anadolu\u2019ya yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, karga\u015fadan yararlanmak isteyen \u00e7eteler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, U\u015fak ve Bursa illeri d\u00e2hil Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7erken, \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de Sevr denilen Anadolu\u2019nun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 10 A\u011fustos\u2019ta imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonbahar\u0131n h\u00fczn\u00fc Anadolu\u2019ya \u00e7\u00f6kmek \u00fczereydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin hedefi, Ankara\u2019dan y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ate\u015fini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrecek giri\u015fimleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmekten ibaretti. 9 A\u011fustos 1919\u2019da ordudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p ni\u015fanlar\u0131 geri al\u0131nan, 29 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta ni\u015fan ve madalyalar\u0131 iade edilen, 11 May\u0131s1920\u2019de idama mahk\u00fbm edilen Mustafa Kemal\u2019in bu kez 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc de r\u00fctbesinin yarbayl\u0131\u011fa indirilmesine karar veriliyordu. Ama\u00e7 i\u015fgalcilerin isteklerine olumlu yan\u0131t vermekten ibaretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara\u2019daki milletvekillerinden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n ilerlemesine Meclis h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7inden sorumlu ar\u0131yor, muhalefet cephesi olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yeni y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 isyanlar\u0131n engellenmesi ve asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kurulan \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerine \u00fcye se\u00e7iminde sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler bahane edilerek Mustafa Kemal ekibinin Bol\u015fevik \u00f6zentisi i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi iddialar\u0131 Meclis g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle anla\u015fma imzalayan Anadolu heyetinden Ticaret Bakan\u0131 Yusuf Kemal (Tengir\u015fek) Bey 16 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan Trabzon\u2019a gelmi\u015f ve Ankara\u2019ya \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgrafla anla\u015fmayla sa\u011flananlardan bilgi vermi\u015fti. Bu telgraf, 24 A\u011fustos tarihli anla\u015fmayla Sovyetlerden 1 milyon alt\u0131n ruble ile cephane, top ve t\u00fcfek sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini i\u00e7eriyordu. 200 alt\u0131n ruble Do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019e teslim edildi. Yusuf Kemal Bey, Trabzon\u2019dan Ankara\u2019ya 22 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek hareket edecekti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin idam karar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan bir grup milletvekili, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketimini yasaklayan kanunu meclisten ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ka\u00e7ak i\u00e7ki \u00fcretimi te\u015fvik ediliyor, yasal yollardan yap\u0131lan \u00fcretimden al\u0131nan vergi geliri de sa\u011flanamaz hale geliyordu. Kurulmakta olan yeni y\u00f6netimin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi ama\u00e7layan \u201cHalk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Program\u0131\u201dn\u0131n meclis g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri de ayn\u0131 grubun  \u201cBol\u015fevik \u00f6zenti\u201d ele\u015ftirilerine sahne oluyor, din esasl\u0131 program yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcan\u0131yordu. Program, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda meclisten ge\u00e7irilebilecek ve 1921 Anayasas\u0131 olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meclis\u2019teki bu e\u011filimler ve hilafetin gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 giri\u015fimleri nedeniyle Meclis\u2019te 25 Eyl\u00fcl Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan gizli oturumda k\u00fcrs\u00fcye gelen Mustafa Kemal, Meclis\u2019te bu konunun s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme getirilmesini do\u011fru bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi ve tutanaklara yans\u0131yan bi\u00e7imiyle aynen \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBug\u00fcn bu makam\u0131 (Hilafet makam\u0131) i\u015fgal eden zat bu millet ve memleket i\u00e7in hain bir adam<\/strong>d\u0131r. (Alk\u0131\u015flar) M\u00fcsaade buyurunuz beyim. Hain bir adamd\u0131r. (Alk\u0131\u015flar, bravo sesleri) Meclisi \u00c2linizde \u015fimdiye kadar pek b\u00fcy\u00fck ve cidden tarih\u00ee c\u00fcretler g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Maateess\u00fcf (\u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm) \u015fimdi makam\u0131 hil\u00e2fet ve saltanat\u0131 i\u015fgal eden zat bu millet i\u00e7in hain bir adamd\u0131r<\/strong>. Bu milletin mukadderat\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn manas\u0131yla vazi\u00fclyed (gelece\u011fine tam anlam\u0131yla el koyan) oldu\u011funuzu ispat ettiniz. Bunun sayesinde bize b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z ehemmiyet (\u00f6nem) etmektedirler. Bu Meclis cidden tarih\u00ee hizmet ve cesaretler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, s\u00f6zlerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecekti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHain ya da makam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve yetkisini kullanmas\u0131 yasak edilmi\u015f olan ki\u015fi, asl\u0131nda padi\u015fah ve halife olamaz. \u2018\u00d6yle ise, onu indirip yerine hemen ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7eriz\u2019 demek istiyorsan\u0131z, buna da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durum ve ko\u015fullar elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc padi\u015fahl\u0131ktan ve halifelikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ki\u015fi, ulusun i\u00e7inde de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n elindedir. Onu yok sayarak ba\u015fka birini tan\u0131mak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, o zaman bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halife ve padi\u015fah, haklar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7meyerek \u0130stanbul’daki h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi, makam\u0131n\u0131 koruyup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilece\u011fine g\u00f6re, ulus ve y\u00fcce Meclis, as\u0131l amac\u0131n\u0131 unutup halifeler sorunu ile mi u\u011fra\u015facak? Ali ile Muaviye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z? K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu sorun geni\u015f, ince ve \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015flerinden de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Meclis\u2019te o g\u00fcne kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en sert konu\u015fmalardan biriydi ve hilafetin gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin net mesaj\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yozgat\u2019ta bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce bast\u0131r\u0131lan ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn affedildi\u011fi ayaklanma bu kez ayn\u0131 ilin Akda\u011fmadeni il\u00e7esinde silahalt\u0131na al\u0131narak cepheye g\u00f6nderilmek istenilen bir grubun ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde birinci ayaklanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6revinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Akda\u011fmadeni Kaymakam\u0131 Tahir Bey\u2019in e\u015fine ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na maa\u015f ba\u011flanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kanun T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nde kabul ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkesinin ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Y\u00fcksek \u0130ngiliz Komiserli\u011finin Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 230. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cErmeni k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu ki\u015filerin yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi istedi\u011fini\u201d bildiriyordu. Yarg\u0131lanacaklarla ilgili 174 ki\u015filik listede Mustafa Kemal, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, Ali Fuat pa\u015falar\u0131n da adlar\u0131 bulunuyordu. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ekim ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda verecekti: \u201cT\u00fcrk Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu, soruya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermeyi \u015fimdilik olanaks\u0131z k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u201d Malta S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri kitab\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Bilal \u015eim\u015fir, kitab\u0131nda bu yan\u0131t\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirecekti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130ngiliz ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130ngiliz diplomatlar\u0131na ve askerlerine ders veriyordu adeta: Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte hen\u00fcz onaylanmam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmemi\u015ftir.\u201d Do\u011fal olarak da onaylanmam\u0131\u015f bir anla\u015fma uygulanamaz ve buna dayanarak da yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim ay\u0131 yeni isyanlar, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve askeri haz\u0131rl\u0131klarla dolu ge\u00e7ecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n